Derby-ul Rapid - Steaua

Arbitrul Alexandru Deaconu a întrerupt meciul Rapid-Steaua, în minutul 74, după ce a fost lovit cu un obiect aruncat din tribune, la scorul de 1-0 pentru giuleşteni, iar echipa lui Mircea Rednic va pierde jocul cu 0-3, conform declaraţiilor fostului arbitru Ion Crăciunescu.

Deaconu a fost lovit în cap de un obiect aruncat din tribuna a II-a a stadionului Giuleşti şi, după ce s-a consultat cu observatorul Valentin Alexandru, a decis să reia jocul, cu condiţia că acesta va fi oprit dacă un singur obiect va mai fi aruncat în teren. La câteva secunde un obiect din plastic a aterizat pe suprafaţa de joc, şi Deaconu a fluierat finalul meciului.

"Conform regulamentului, Rapid va pierde meciul cu 0-3", a spus fostul arbitru Ion Crăciunescu, cel care a comentat partida la Kanal D.

Hooligans - Game

Hooligans: Storm Over Europe is a video game recreating the hooliganism which often accompanies international football matches throughout much of Europe.

The game is played out the over a football season and the object of the game is to become the most notorious group of hooligans in Europe. In order to achieve this the player proceeds through a variety of levels set in different locations and must maim or kill every opposing hooligan gang.

During play the members of the gang must be sustained by administering drugs, alcohol and violence on a regular basis. Failure to keep the gang members fueled will see them drift off to more peaceful and legal activities. Looting of the local shops during the game can provide funds for the gang, and the player must overcome resistance from both rival gangs and the police forces to achieve victory.

Early history

Football and violence can be traced back to the Middle Ages in England.^{[neutrality disputed]} In 1314, Edward II banned football (which then was a violent free-for-all involving rival villages fly-hacking a pig's bladder across the local heath) because he believed the disorder surrounding matches might lead to social unrest or even treason.^[5] The first recorded instances of football hooliganism in the modern game took place in the 1880s in England, a period when gangs of supporters would intimidate neighbourhoods, as well as attack referees and opposing supporters and players. In 1885, after Preston North End beat Aston Villa 5-0 in a friendly match, the two teams were pelted with stones; attacked with sticks, punched, kicked and spat at. One Preston player was beaten so severely that he lost consciousness. Press reports of the time described the fans as "howling roughs".^[5] The following year, Preston fans fought Queen's Park fans in a railway station; the first recorded instance of football hooliganism away from a match. In 1905, several Preston fans were tried for hooliganism, including a "drunk and disorderly" 70 year old woman, following their match against Blackburn Rovers.^[5]

Between the two world wars, there were no recorded instance of football hooliganism, but it started attracting widespread media attention in the late 1950s due to its re-emergence in Latin America. In the 1955-56 English football season, Liverpool and Everton fans were involved in a number of train-wrecking incidents. By the 1960s, an average of 25 hooligan incidents were being reported each year in England.^[5]

Inter City Firm

The Inter City Firm ('ICF') is an English football hooligan firm mainly active in the 1970s and 1980s, associated with West Ham United. The name came from the use of InterCity trains for away games.^[1]

One figure associated with the ICF was Cass Pennant^[2], who wrote on football hooliganism in the 1990s and 2000s. He is the subject of the film Cass, which was released on 1 August 2008.^[3] In Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF, Pennant, a a black Londoner, maintains that the ICF was not racist or right-wing.

The ICF were the basis of Alan Clarke's 1988 film, The Firm. Gary Oldman plays Bex Bissell, the leader of the ICC - Inter City Crew. Members of the ICF were used as consultants on the film.^[1] The 2005 film Green Street was based on the ICF, but not by name. Instead, the initials GSE (Green Street Elite) were used. The main character within the film Rise of the Footsoldier is also associated with the ICF. The ICF make an appearance in Irvine Welsh's novellas Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance.

ICF left a card on the bodies of those they attacked reading, "Congratulations, you've just met the ICF". This became, "Congratulations you've just met the famous ICF" when they were the subject of a Thames Television documentary, Hooligan, which featured members of the ICF including Cass Pennant.

Football hooliganism

Football hooliganism refers to unruly and destructive behaviour such as brawls, vandalism, and intimidation carried out by Association football club supporters and fans.^[1] Fights between supporters of rival teams may take place before or after football matches at pre-arranged locations away from stadiums, in order to avoid arrests by the police, or they can erupt spontaneously at the stadium or in the surrounding streets. A football firm (also known as a hooligan firm) is a gang formed to fight with members supporters from other clubs. While some firms, especially in southern and eastern Europe, have been linked with far right politics or racism, other firms have been associated with leftist or anti-racist views. The firms' political views are not representative of all supporters of the teams.

The violent activity ranges from shouts and fistfights to riots in which opposing firms clash with bats, throw bottles or rocks, or even use knives and guns.^[2] In some cases, stadium brawls have caused fans to flee in panic, and fans have been killed when fences or walls have collapsed.^[3] In the most extreme cases, firm members, police, and bystanders have been killed in the violence, and riot police have intervened with tear gas, armoured vehicles and water cannons.^[4]

Football hooliganism has been depicted in films such as I.D., The Firm, The Football Factory and Green Street (the last featuring fictional firms based on West Ham's' Inter City Firm (ICF) and Millwall's Bushwackers). There are also many books about hooliganism, such as The Football Factory (also a film) and Among the Thugs. Some critics argue that these media representations glamorise violence and the hooligan lifestyle. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the casual culture transformed the British football hooliganism scene. Instead of wearing working class skinhead-style clothes, which readily identified firm members to the police, gang members began wearing designer clothes and expensive offhand sportswear and were known as casuals.